Monday, December 30, 2019

Symptoms And Symptoms Of Manic Depressive Illness Disorder

INTRODUCTION Manic-depressive illness disorder also known as bipolar disorder is a disorder of the brain that makes and abnormal change in moods, energy, activity level and the ability to carry out day to day activity. There are many symptoms of bipolar disorder which can be severe and are not the same as the regular ups and downs that people go through from time to time. It is a potentially deadly multisystem condition complicated by a variety of known comorbid conditions including both psychiatric and physical diagnoses but unfortunately most of these symptoms are undertreated and unrecognized (Manning,2015; NIMH, 2016; dmh.mo.gov). CAUSES There are no medically diagnosed causes of bipolar disorder and it is suggested that there is no single trigger or cause to this illness but a collaboration of comorbid factors that lead or cause the effect of bipolar depression. Also research has shown that this illness tends to run in families with the genes either from one or both parents. Also abnormal stress like physical illness or money problems may cause an episode (Manning,2015; NIMH, 2016; dmh.mo.gov). SINGS AND SYMTOMS Comorbid and bipolar depression progression in first episode symptoms could be passed through the inflammatory processes, oxidative stress, apoptosis, and genetic susceptibility in the neurologic, cardiovascular, autoimmune, and other systems. Symptoms during the manic phaseShow MoreRelatedManic Depression : An Effective Disorder952 Words   |  4 PagesIn this research paper, mood disorder is known as an effective disorder. This Mood disorder has another name or title that is psychiatrically labeled as Manic Depression. Sometimes individuals have good days or bad days, or just simply feel depressed. This manic depression concept reaches way beyond the trivial aspects of life. Sometimes life itself throws a curve, to the point, where an individual becomes unhappy about things that may lead them to a state of being emotionally depressed, but thisRead MoreBipolar Disorder Essay1615 Words   |  7 PagesBipolar disorder, also commonly referred to as manic-depressive illness, is a brai n disorder that causes unusual and heightened swings in a person’s mood, energy level, and ability to function. The symptoms of bipolar disorder can be severe and therefore, they are quite different from the normal shifts in mood that everyone goes through on a daily basis. The effects of bipolar disorder can result in broken relationships, poor performance at work or school, self-mutilation, and even suicide. HoweverRead MoreBipolar Disorder And Other Mental Illnesses Essay1344 Words   |  6 Pages Having Bipolar Disorder means waking up not knowing whether Tigger or Eeyore will be making your decisions for you(healthyplace.com). I became interested in bipolar disorder and other mental illnesses because my older cousin suffers from bipolar disorder and dissociative identity disorder. After he was diagnosed I wanted to learn more about it, to better understand how he felt living with these disorders. He wasn t able to come over because my parents were afraid he would do something to harmRead MoreBipolar Disorder1485 Words   |  6 PagesBipolar Disorder HCA/240 Toni Black Andrew Bertrand 11/21/2010 What is Bipolar Disorder? Bipolar disorder, is also known as manic-depressive illness, this is a brain disorder that causes unusual mood swings, energy levels are either up or down and your ability to function a normal everyday life would be a challenge to these individuals with this mental illness. The normal ups and downs that people experience who doesn’t have bipolar disorder is relatively different because withRead MoreA Family Member Or Friend Who Suffers From Bipolar Disorder?1689 Words   |  7 PagesDo you know a family member or friend who suffers from Bipolar Disorder? Jessica was one of my friends from College, during college she was an outstanding student, she was always on time with assignments, no absences, and on top of the class. Everything in her room and study papers were extremely organized, but sometimes she last days with insomnia and cried without motive. Her parents’ divorce cause a terrible impact in her family, the doctors diagnosed her mom with major depression. Aft er collegeRead MoreBipolar Disorder : Symptoms And Symptoms1493 Words   |  6 PagesRorman Ms. Chrisman English 10 30 November 2016 Bipolar Disorder If people don’t get enough sleep and miss a meeting, they are just upset, but for people with bipolar disorder, it can trigger another episode to their week. Bipolar Disorder is a brain disorder that can cause shifts in people s mood that are more unusual. Signs and symptoms can be different depending on if the person has manic or depressive episodes. A person with the disorder can also give their family and friends struggles, asideRead MoreBiography Of Emil Kraepelin s Theory Of Psychiatric Psychology1708 Words   |  7 Pagespsychology. This paper will discuss some of his greatest discoveries such as his establishment in clinical observation. As well as the importance that Emil Kraepelin had on the taxonomy of psychiatric disorders and how his idea for this came about. It will also review his findings on bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. Kraepelin also founded some ideas on what later on came to be known as Alzheimer’s disease. Introduction Emil Kraepelin was a student under Wundt. Under Wundt KraepelinRead MoreBipolar Disorder And Manic Depressive Illness1734 Words   |  7 PagesDefinition Bipolar disorder, also known as manic-depressive illness, is a brain disorder that causes unusual shifts in mood, energy, activity levels, and the ability to carry out day-to-day tasks. There are four basic types of bipolar disorder; all of them involve clear changes in mood, energy, and activity levels. These moods range from periods of extremely â€Å"up,† elated, and energized behavior (known as manic episodes) to very sad, â€Å"down,† or hopeless periods (known as depressive episodes). Less severeRead MoreMental Health Is An Issue Throughout Society1529 Words   |  7 Pagespeople suffer with these illnesses and the media tends to treat it as a stigma. The media portrays mental health as negative and it is not. Having a mental illness is just like having a medical illness. It is important to give mental illnesses the same respect. This is why I chose to write about Homeland, because it accurately represents a mental illness. Homeland is a television series on Showtime. It is a political thriller about the Central Intelligence Agency and their involvement in the destructionRead MoreBipolar Disorder or Manic Depression719 Words   |  3 PagesBipolar disorder is also known by many as manic depression. It is a serious mental disorder that is associated by sever changes in a person’s mood, the mood changes range from feeling low and depressed to being manic, these changes are the typical symptoms of Bipolar disorder. Bipolar disorder is a mental illness caused by a chemical imbalance in the brain, and can be managed with therapy and medication. The episodes can last for days, hours or can be very short. Bipolar disorder affects both women

Sunday, December 22, 2019

A Part Of Epistemology Is The Study Of Knowledge - 873 Words

A part of epistemology is the study of knowledge. The study of knowledge deals with various questions such as: What is considered as knowledge? How is knowledge acquired? What are the limits of knowledge? (Steup, 2014). Knowledge can be acquired in two ways as there are two types of knowledge. One type of knowledge is a posteriori knowledge which is gained through experience. The other type of knowledge is a priori knowledge which is based on reasoning and independent of experience. Through the limits of knowledge, the problem of scepticism arises. Scepticism is concerned with the existence of knowledge. A sceptic is a person who doubts whether we have any knowledge. â€Å"It has been suggested that we do not, or cannot, know anything, or at least that we do not know as much as we think we do. Such a view is called skepticism.† (Turncellito). There are four types of sceptics: Radical, Local, Cartesian and Humean. A radical sceptic says that we do not and cannot have knowledge, knowledge is therefore unobtainable. A local sceptic suggests that a person can have knowledge in certain subjects and not in others. For example, I can have knowledge about my thoughts but not about the thoughts of others. We will learn about Cartesian scepticism through Descartes’ First Meditation. Descartes (1641) talks about how whatever he has considered true until now has come to him through his senses and these senses have occasionally deceived him. Therefore, he says that it is unwise to completelyShow MoreRelatedWays Of Being By Indigenous People943 Words   |  4 PagesWays of Being Indigenous people believe that they are part of the existing entities and have rights to earned and bestowed the resources to country, self and others (Martin Mirraboopa, 2003). They thought that physical world is co-existed with human world. So that they must protect the physical world as their guardians (Martin Mirraboopa, 2003). Their ways of being also change when the relations change among the people and amongst the entities. The experiences of one is for all and the experiencesRead MorePhil 201 Study Guide Lesson 10 Essay864 Words   |  4 PagesStudy Guide: Lesson 10 What is Knowledge? Lesson Overview With this lesson, we begin a new unit on epistemology, which is the philosophical study of knowledge claims. In this first lesson on epistemology, we begin by examining the question â€Å"What do we mean when we say we know something?† What exactly is knowledge? We will begin with a presentation that introduces the traditional definition of knowledge. Wood then discusses some of the basic issues raised in the study of epistemology and thenRead MorePhilosophy : The Philosophical Study Of Human Values, Epistemology, And Metaphysics1069 Words   |  5 Pagestaking this class, I thought that philosophy was strictly the study of space and abstract ideas that I never really gave any attention to. Now at the end of the semester I can say that not only have I realized how wrong my original opinion of philosophy was, but I also learned that the more philosophy I can study, the better I will be able to make decisions in my life. Philosophy can be broken down into three branches: Axiolo gy, Epistemology, and Metaphysics. These branches each have their own questionsRead MoreManagement Research Methods1088 Words   |  4 Pagesmanagement research introduces various concepts that are central to the success of a research tackling various kinds of management problems (Saunders, Lewis Thornhill, 2012). Ontology deals with the process of identifying the type of management of knowledge and how to manage it. Ontology refers to the assumptions that a research makes in regard to reality (Easterby-Smith, Thorpe Jackson, 2012). It looks at what creates and influences social realities in the world of management. It describes the viewRead MoreEpistemology and Its Influences929 Words   |  4 PagesIn order to elucidate the way in which the choice of epistemology influences the formulation of a management research problem, it is necessary to define the term epistemology and clarify some of the varying epistemological stances. In doing so, the reader will be able to understand the myriad different variations of epistemological viewpoints, each of which shape the direction of research and the sort of problem that research attempts to identify. Management research builds on the long traditionRead MoreThe Philosophical Method Of Philosophy1208 Words   |  5 Pages What is Philosophy Philosophy according to its literal translation is the devotion to wisdom. But exactly what kind of wisdom does Philosophy entail? This question is answered by the subject matter of Philosophy (metaphysics, epistemology, value theory). The societal impact of acculturation has presented a problem to philosophical thinking. However, the philosophical method has also allowed for an abstract thinking outside that of which we typically inherit through tradition. In a way everyoneRead MoreWhat Is Philosophy? How Does It Influence Our Lives?1192 Words   |  5 Pagesphilosophy? Why study it? What purpose does it have? How does it influence our lives? According to Google, â€Å"philosophy is the study of the fundamental nature of knowledge, reality, and existence, especially when considered as an academic discipline.† But how does it influence us? Why should we study it? What purpose will it serve – if we do? Before we can understand the purposes that philosophy will serve. We must first understand why we must study it and how it will influence us. We study philosophyRead MoreIntroducing Plato s Theaetetus : A Dialogue About The Nature And / Or Limits Of Human Knowledge969 Words   |  4 Pagesabout the nature and/or limits of human knowledge (episteme). Episteme can be translated in many ways, such as knowledge-how, knowledge by acquaintance, knowledge that something is the case, etc. Plato is primarily interested in establishing that something exists, e.g. justice, and then understanding what that something is and why it is what it is. All of these claimants can be utilized for this purpose. While many of Plato’s dialogues deal with knowledge in different ways and in different contextsRead MorePlato s Nature Teacher s Role Curricular Focus Methodology1394 Words   |  6 PagesIdealism (Plato) Metaphysics Epistemology Axiology Learner’s Nature Teacher’s Role Curricular Focus Methodology Criticisms Plato believed that truth only exist in the mind which is the real world. Ideas or forms are the only true reality. That’s the only thing that counts, the only thing worth knowing. Truth is unchanging, Plato believed in two world’s real world the mind that’s eternal. The other appearance experienced through sight, sound, touch, taste which is imperfect. What is your worthRead MoreNaturalized Epistemology Essays1621 Words   |  7 PagesEpistemology can be divided into two parts: one being traditional epistemology and the other being naturalized epistemology. The difference between the two is that traditionalists simply accept what they think they know whereas naturalists put what they think they know to empirical tests. When I say empirical, I mean methodologies of the natural science. In other words meaning putting things we think we know to practical tests to find out if it is true, scientifically. Or to even better understand

Saturday, December 14, 2019

Substances and Mixture Free Essays

string(137) " properties are due chiefly to the electronic structure of the element, others are more closely related to properties of the nucleus, e\." A pure substance: †¢ contains atoms of only one kind. †¢ It has fixed  physical and chemical properties  like boiling point, melting point, valency, density   †¢ contains only one chemical identity, e. g. We will write a custom essay sample on Substances and Mixture or any similar topic only for you Order Now one element or one compound. †¢ cannot be separated into 2 or more substances by physical or mechanical means †¢ is homogeneous, ie, has uniform composition throughout the whole sample †¢ its properties are constant throughout the whole sample †¢ its properties do not depend on how it is prepared or purified †¢ has constant chemical composition Pure Substances Elements and compounds  are both examples of pure substances. Pure substances cannot be separated into simpler substances by physical or mechanical means such as sifting, filtering, crystallization, distillation, etc. eg, distilling pure water (H2O) does not separate water into hydrogen and oxygen, it only produces water vapour. Pure substances display a sharp melting and boiling point. On a graph of temperature vs time, this is shown as flat line where the temperature does not change over time until all the pure substance has melted or boiled. A mixture: †¢ can be separated into 2 or more substances by physical or mechanical means †¢ contain more than one chemical substance †¢ displays the properties of the pure substances making it up †¢ its composition can be varied by changing the proportion of pure substances making it up †¢ they do not have a fixed composition †¢ heterogeneous substances, ones with non-uniform composition throughout the sample, are always mixtures Mixtures Some examples of mixtures are given below: Type of Mixture |Example | |gas in gas |The atmosphere is a mixture of gases, mostly nitrogen and oxygen. | |[pic] | |liquid in liquid |Wine is a mixture of mostly ethanol and water. | |[pic] | |solid in solid |Alloys, such as brass, are made up of a mixture of metals. |[pic] | |gas in liquid |Soft drinks, such as cola, are mixtures of mainly carbon dioxide gas and water. | |[pic] | |solid in liquid |Sea Water is a mixture of salts dissolved in water. | |[pic] | |solid in gas |Smoke is mixture of tiny solid particles in atmospheric gases. | Homogeneous mixtures do not display a sharp melting point, they melt over a range of temperatures. Sharpness of the melting point is often used to determine whether a substance is pure or impure (mixture) On a temperature vs time graph there is no flat line during which the temperature remains constant over time. Instead, there will be a slope indicating that the components of the mixture are melting Mixtures can be separated into the pure substances making them up by physical or mechanical means because each pure substance retains its own properties. Separating the Components of a Mixture Most laboratory work in biology requires the use of techniques to separate the components of mixtures. This is done by exploiting some property that distinguishes the components, such as their relative †¢ size †¢ density †¢ solubility †¢ electrical charge Dialysis Dialysis is the separation of small  solute  molecules or ions (e. g. , glucose, Na+, Cl-) from macromolecules (e. g. , starch) by virtue of their differing rates of  diffusion  through a differentially permeable membrane. An example: Cellophane is perforated with tiny pores that permit ions and small molecules to pass through but exclude molecules with  molecular weights  greater than about 12,000. If we fill a piece of cellophane tubing with a mixture of starch and sugar and place it in pure water, the sugar molecules (red dots) will diffuse out into the water until equilibrium  is reached; that is, until their concentration is equal on both sides of the membrane. Because of their large size, all the starch (blue disks) will be retained within the tubing. Chromatography Chromatography is the term used for several techniques for separating the components of a mixture. Follow the links below for examples. Electrophoresis Electrophoresis uses a direct electric current to separate the components of a mixture by the differing  electrical charge. Some methods for separating the components of a mixture include: |separation technique |property used for separation |example | |Sifting (sieving) |particle size |alluvial gold is separating from smaller soil particles using a sieve | |[pic] |Visual Sorting |colour, shape or size |gold nuggets can be separated from crushed rock on the basis of colour | |[pic] | |Magnetic Attraction |magnetism |magnetic iron can be separated from non-magnetic sulfur using a magnet | |[pic] | |Decanting |density or solubility |liquid water can be poured off (decanted) insoluble sand sediment | | | |less dense oil can be poured off (decanted) more dense water | |[pic] | |Separating Funnel |density of liquids |in a separating funnel, less dense oil floats on top of more dense water, when | | | |the valve is open the water can be poured out from under the oil | |[pic] | |Filtration |solubility |insoluble calcium carbonate can be separated from soluble sodium chloride in | | | |water by filtration | |[pic] | |Evaporation |solubility and boiling point |soluble sodium chloride can be separated from water by evaporation | |[pic] | |Crystallization |solubility |slightly soluble copper sulfate can be separated from water by crystallization | |[pic] | |Distillation |boiling point |ethanol (ethyl alcohol) can be separated from water by distillation because | | | |ethanol has a lower boiling point than water | Element ? Any substance that contains only one kind of an atom ? Elements are made up of  atoms, the smallest particle that has any of the properties of the element. John Dalton, in 1803, proposed a modern theory of the atom based on the following assumptions. |1. Matter is made up of atoms that are indivisible and indestructible. | |2. All atoms of an element are identical. | |3. Atoms of different elements have different weights and different chemical properties. | |4. Atoms of different elements combine in simple whole numbers to form compounds. | |5. Atoms cannot be created or destroyed. When a compound decomposes, the atoms are recovered unchanged | ? cannot be broken down into simpler substances ? is a chemical substance that is made up of a particular kind of atoms and hence cannot be broken down or transformed by a chemical reaction into a different element, though it can be transmitted into another element through a  nuclear reaction. ? all of the atoms in a sample of an element have the same number of protons, though they may be different  isotopes, with differing numbers of neutrons. elements can be divided into three categories that have characteristic properties: metals, nonmetals, and semimetals ? Some properties of an element can be observed only in a collection of atoms or molecules of the element. These properties include color, density, m elting point, boiling point, and thermal and electrical conductivity. ? While some of these properties are due chiefly to the electronic structure of the element, others are more closely related to properties of the nucleus, e. You read "Substances and Mixture" in category "Essay examples" g. , mass number. Compounds †¢ The relative proportions of the elements in a compound are fixed. †¢ . Two or more elements combined into one substance through a  chemical reaction form a  chemical compound. All compounds are substances, but not all substances are compounds. †¢ The components of a compound do  not  retain their individual properties. Both sodium and chlorine are poisonous; their compound, table salt (NaCl) is absolutely essential to life. †¢ Properties of compound is different from the elements that made it up †¢ The mass of the compound is determined by the mass of the elements that made it up. †¢ Compounds cannot be separated by physical means: using magnet, filtration, etc. It takes large inputs of energy to separate the components of a compound Compounds can be broken back into elements by chemical reaction, exposure to light, etc. When compounds are formed heat and light is given out or absorbed. †¢ Compounds  are homogeneous forms of matter. Their constituent  elements  (atoms and/or ions) are always present in fixed proportions (1:1 depicted here). The elements can be divided into three categories that have characteristic propert ies: 1. Metals 2. Nonmetals 3. Metalloids Most elements are metals, which are found on the left and toward the bottom of the periodic table. A handful of nonmetals are clustered in the upper right corner of the periodic table. The semimetals can be found along the dividing line between the metals and the nonmetals Properties of an element are sometimes classed as either chemical or physical. Chemical properties are usually observed in the course of a chemical reaction, while physical properties are observed by examining a sample of the pure element. The chemical properties of an element are due to the distribution of electrons around the atom’s nucleus, particularly the outer, or valence, electrons; it is these electrons that are involved in chemical reactions. A chemical reaction does not affect the atomic nucleus; the atomic number therefore remains unchanged in a chemical reaction. Some properties of an element can be observed only in a collection of atoms or molecules of the element. These properties include color, density, melting point, boiling point, and thermal and electrical conductivity. While some of hese properties are due chiefly to the electronic structure of the element, others are more closely related to properties of the nucleus, e. g. , mass number. The elements are sometimes grouped according to their properties. One major classification of the elements is as  metals,  nonmetals, and metalloids. Elements with very similar chemical properties are often referred to as families; some families of elements include the halogens, the inert gases, and the alkali metals. In the  periodic table  the elements are arranged in order of increasing atomic weight in such a way that the elements in any column have similar properties. Chemical properties Chemical properties of elements and compounds Atomic number  Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚  Atomic mass  Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚  Electronegativity according to Pauling  Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚  Density  Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚  Melting point  Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚  Boiling point  Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚  Vanderwaals radius  Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚  Ionic | |radius  Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚  Isotopes  Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚  Electronic schell  Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚  Energy of first ionisation  Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚  Energy of second ionisation  Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚  Standard potential | |Atomic number | | | |The atomic number indicates the number of protons within the core of an atom. The atomic number is a n important concept of chemistry and | |quantum mechanics. An element and its place within the  periodic table  are derived from this concept. |When an atom is generally electrically neutral, the atomic number will equal the number of electrons in the atom, which can be found around | |the core. These electrons mainly determine the chemical behaviour of an atom. Atoms that carry electric charges are called ions. Ions either| |have a number of electrons larger (negatively charged) or smaller (positively charged) than the atomic number. | |Atomic mass | | | |The name indicates the mass of an atom, expressed in atomic mass units (amu). Most of the mass of an atom is concentrated in the protons and| |neutrons contained in the nucleus. Each proton or neutron weighs about 1 amu, and thus the atomic mass in always very close to the  mass (or | |nucleon) number, which indicates the number of particles within the core of an atom; this means the protons and neutrons. Each isotope of a | |chemical element can vary in mass. The atomic mass of an isotope indicates the number of neutrons that are present within the core of the | |atoms. The total atomic mass of an element is an equivalent of the mass units of its isotopes. The relative occurrence of the isotopes in | |nature is an important factor in the determination of the overall atomic mass of an element. In reference to a certain chemical element, the| |atomic mass as shown in the periodic table is the average atomic mass of all the chemical element’s stable isotopes. The average is weighted| |by the relative natural abundances of the element’s isotopes. | |Electronegativity according to Pauling | | | |Electro negativity measures the inclination of an atom to pull the electronic cloud in its direction during chemical bonding with another | |atom. | |Pauling’s scale is a widely used method to order chemical elements according to their electro negativity. Nobel prize winner Linus Pauling | |developed this scale in 1932. | |The values of electro negativity are not calculated, based on mathematical formula or a measurement. It is more like a pragmatic range. | |Pauling gave the element with the highest possible electro negativity,  fluorine, a value of 4,0. Francium, the element with the lowest | |possible electro negativity, was given a value of 0,7. All of the remaining elements are given a value of somewhere between these two | |extremes. | |Density | | | |The density of an element indicates the number of units of mass of the element that are present in a certain volume of a medium. | |Traditionally, density is expressed through the Greek letter ro (written as r). Within the SI system of units density is expressed in | |kilograms per cubic meter (kg/m3). The density of an element is usually expressed graphically with temperatures and air pressures, because | |these two properties influence density. | |Melting point | | | |The melting point of an element or compound means the temperatures at which the solid form of the element or compound is at equilibrium with| |the liquid form. We usually presume the air pressure to be 1 atmosphere. | |For example: the melting point of  water  is 0  oC, or 273 K. |Boiling point | | | |The boiling point of an element or compound means the temperature at which the liquid form of an element or compound is at equilibrium with | |the gaseous form. We usually presume the air pressure to be 1 atmosphere. | |For example: the boiling point of water is 100  oC, or 373 K. | |At the boiling point the vapor pressure of an element or compound is 1 atmosphere. | |Vanderwaals radius | | | |Even when two atoms that are near one another will not bind, they will still attract one another. This phenomenon is known as the | |Vanderwaals interaction. |The Vanderwaals forces cause a force between the two atoms. This force becomes stronger, as the atoms come closer together. However, when | |the two atoms draw too near each other a rejecting force will take action, as a consequence of the exceeding rejection between the | |negatively charged electrons of both atoms. As a result, a certain distance will develop between the two atoms, which is commonly known as | |the Vanderwaals radius. | |Through comparison of Vanderwaals radiuses of several different pairs of atoms, we have developed a system of Vanderwaals radiuses, through | |which we can predict the Vanderwaals radius between two atoms, through addition. |Ionic radius | | | |Ionic radius is the radius that an ion has in an ionic crystal, where the ions are packed together to a point where their outermost | |electronic orbitals are in contact w ith each other. An orbital is the area around an atom where, according to orbital theory, the | |probability of finding an electron is the greatest. | |Isotopes | | | |The atomic number does not determine the number of neutrons in an atomic core. As a result, the number of neutrons within an atom can vary. | |Then atoms that have the same atomic number may differ in atomic mass. Atoms of the same element that differ in atomic mass are called | |isotopes. | |Mainly with the heavier atoms that have a higher atomic number, the number of neutrons within the core may exceed the number of protons. | |Isotopes of the same element are often found in nature alternately or in mixtures. | |An example: chlorine has an atomic number of 17, which basically means that all chlorine atoms contain 17 protons within their core. There | |are two isotopes. Three-quarters of the chlorine atoms found in nature contain 18 neutrons and one quarter contains 20 neutrons. The mass | |numbers of these isotopes are 17 + 18 = 35 and 17 + 20 = 37. The isotopes are written as follows: 35Cl and 37Cl. |When isotopes are noted this way the number of protons and neutrons does not have to be mentioned separately, because the symbol | |of  chlorine  within the periodic chart (Cl) is set on the seventeenth place. This already indicates the number of protons, so that one can | |always calculate the number of neutrons easily by means of the mass number. | | | |A great number of isotopes is not stable. They will fall apart during radioactive decay processes. Isotopes that are radioactive are called | |radioisotopes. | |Electronic shell | | | |The electronic configuration of an atom is a description of the arrangement of electrons in circles around the core. These circles are not | |exactly round; they contain a wave-like pattern. For each circle the probability of an electron to be present on a certain location is | |described by a mathematic formula. Each one of the circles has a certain level of energy, compared to the core. Commonly the energy levels | |of electrons are higher when they are further away from the core, but because of their charges, electrons can also influence each another’s | |energy levels. Usually the middle circles are filled up first, but there may be exceptions due to rejections. | |The circles are divided up in shells and sub shells, which can be numbered by means of quantities. |Energy of first ionisation | | | |The ionisation energy means the energy that is required to make a free atom or molecule lose an electron in a vacuum. In other words; the | |energy of ionisation is a measure for the strength of electron bonds to molecules. This concerns only the electrons in the outer circle. | |Energy of sec ond ionisation | | | |Besides the energy of the first ionisation, which indicates how difficult it is to remove the first electron from an atom, there is also an | |energy measure for second ionisation. This energy of second ionisation indicates the degree of difficulty to remove the second atom. | | |As such, there is also the energy of a third ionisation, and sometimes even the energy of a fourth or fifth ionisation. | |Standard potential | | | |The standard potential means the potential of a redox reaction, when it is at equilibrium, in relation to zero. When the standard potential | |exceeds zero, we are dealing with an oxidation reaction. When the standard potential is below zero, we are dealing with a reduction | |reaction. The standard potenti | How to cite Substances and Mixture, Essay examples

Friday, December 6, 2019

Vegetarian Essay Research Paper Thesis Growing up free essay sample

Vegetarian Essay, Research Paper Thesis: Turning up in a traditional Mexican family caused me to go a vegetarian. Casual Chain: I grew up in a traditional Mexican household- my household held a bbq affecting a unrecorded pig- my female parent was a really strong Mexican adult female who s cooking meant eating- I haven t eaten ruddy meat since. I was born in Ventura, California into two strong Mexican households. Families who were largely born and raised in Mexico. Strong traditions and families were kept up for many old ages. I, nevertheless, was moved with my immediate household when my pa received a occupation working in Sisters, Oregon. We moved when I was one. I was born in California, but raised in Oregon. Because of my male parent s occupation passages, we have moved several times in and out of Oregon and Washington. We have stayed in Central Oregon the longest period of clip so far. We will write a custom essay sample on Vegetarian Essay Research Paper Thesis Growing up or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page We have been here for about 9 old ages. My sister and I were fortunate plenty to continue our Mexican traditions and values. We are besides fortunate in the fact that we have parents who have traveled many stat mis to California over many old ages to maintain our household near to us. That is besides anther Mexican value, household is the most of import. In a VERY traditional Mexican family the adult female s duties are that of the place and household. These duties are taken highly earnestly and are considered the occupation of that adult female. Taking attention of the kids, nutrient, hubby, and house are a few of those occupations. Now, everything I have merely mentioned would be considered the responsibilities of a family that is usually seen in Mexico. Because my household is fortunate, my female parent works full clip as a instructor and my male parent besides works. These responsibilities taken by a traditional Mexican adult female were non purely for my female parent in our place, they were taken attention of by both parents. Over coevalss there are still certain Acts of the Apostless, duties, or attitudes carried down from these traditions. One of those in my place was the nutrient. Some Mexican adult females who cook, take it really personally when you don t eat what they have made. This is a mark of discourtesy. My female p arent doesn Ts take it every bit personally as some Mexican wo work forces I have seen before, but she ever emphasized we eat all that is on our home base. She emphasized it so much, that one dark she made meat loaf and I wouldn t eat it. She made me sit there for 2 hours before she allow me travel to bed, I guess she saw how obstinate I was acquiring about it. This was the beginning of the terminal for me. On twelvemonth when I was approximately 10, we took one of our regular summer trips to southern California to see our household. Fortunately, both sides of my household live in the same country. It is our tradition that we have household bbq s at my gramps s house. All the expansive childs come and aunts and uncles, there must hold been over 30 people at this one in peculiar. It was great at first, all the childs were playing and the aunts and uncles speaking. My gramps was the most traditional of all from my female parents side, so I should hold guessed something like what I was approximately to see was bound to go on. As everyone was socialising I look over and see my gramps and an uncle carry in a unrecorded hog. We had a pace about the size of a house in the dorsum. They told all of the childs to sit up on the fencing as they let the hog go. It ran around as they chased it and caught it. They tied it s legs and weaponries together as the butchered it right in forepart of everyone . I couldn t ticker, but I could still hear the hog as it was being killed. That was everyone s dinner for the bbq. I couldn t believe what had merely happened. I ran over to my ma and asked why they did what they did. They said that it was a tradition in Mexico and that it was a normal thing to make. I couldn t even eat that whole twenty-four hours. That twenty-four hours, every bit good as the twenty-four hours my female parent made me sit at the tabular array to eat meat loafs, were the two yearss that made me a vegetarian. To this twenty-four hours, when people ask me why I am a vegetarian I think about those two yearss. They play back in my head like a film. Most people s response would be because I don t eat animate beings, or it s cruel to eat animate beings, or even it doesn t gustatory sensation good. My reply is I was traumatized. Now, that might be a small amusing now that it s been about 11 old ages since that incident happened, but I merely can t bury that twenty-four hours, nor will I of all time forget that twenty-four hours.